石月,李斐,郑语涵,陈佩杰
SHI Yue,LI Fei,ZHENG Yuhan,CHEN Peijie

• 1:上海体育大学竞技运动学院
• 2:上海体育大学运动健康学院

摘要(Abstract)：

过度训练综合征（Overtraining Syndrome,OTS）是一种伴随多系统功能障碍的病理状态，其特征为运动员在训练负荷增加的情况下运动表现出现悖论式下降。系统回顾OTS从应激理论到复杂系统理论的演进，重点结合OTS的内分泌和代谢反应研究（EROS）的最新成果，探讨其多重诱因及病理生理学机制，揭示能量摄入不足、睡眠质量低下、认知努力过强及训练负荷过大等多因素综合作用致使运动员能量匮乏和修复机制失衡，导致代谢、内分泌和免疫系统的适应不良，最终引发OTS。此外，着重介绍EROS研究开发的三层次诊断评分系统，以及结合训练负荷调整、饮食优化、睡眠管理及心理干预等综合管理策略提出的9项具体预防建议，以期降低运动员OTS的发生风险。
Overtraining Syndrome(OTS) is a pathological condition characterized by dysfunction across multiple systems, with its hallmark being a paradoxical decline in athletic performance despite increased training load. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of OTS from stress theory to complex systems theory, with a focus on the latest findings from the Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome research(EROS). The study explores the multiple triggers and pathophysiological mechanisms of OTS, revealing that the factors such as insufficient energy intake, poor sleep quality, excessive cognitive effort, and excessive training load collectively lead to the energy depletion and an imbalance in repair mechanisms, resulting in maladaptive responses in the metabolic, endocrine and immune systems, and ultimately triggering OTS. Additionally, the paper highlights the three-tier diagnostic scoring system developed by the EROS research, and integrates strategies including training load adjustments, dietary optimization, sleep management and psychological interventions. Nine specific preventive recommendations are proposed, aimed at effectively reducing the risk of OTS in athletes.

关键词(KeyWords)： 过度训练综合征;能量;代谢;内分泌;矛盾性失调
overtraining syndrom;energy;metabolism;endocrine;paradoxical deficiency

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金青年项目（23CTY019）

作者(Author): 石月,李斐,郑语涵,陈佩杰
SHI Yue,LI Fei,ZHENG Yuhan,CHEN Peijie

DOI: 10.16099/j.sus.2024.12.11.0002

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